根据新西兰移民局的定义，在他们的“欢迎社区”倡议中，新移民或移民被划分为三个特定的社会实体。其中一个是国际学生。不仅是国际学生，所有移民都必须考虑的一个重要调整是适应新环境。根据定义，文化适应指的是“具有不同文化的个体群体由于其中一个或两个群体原有文化模式的随后变化而不断地直接接触而产生的现象”(Redfield, Linton & Herskovits, 1937)。一项在美国进行的研究强调了影响国际学生职业发展的因素，以及他们需要如何适应新环境，成为社会的积极成员。本研究关注了文化适应的不同维度与职业发展的关系，发现不同的留学生被不同的因素所吸引。所列出的因素有:主导社会沉浸感、民族认同、民族社会沉浸感、个人主义和集体主义(Marks, Ciftci & Lee, 2018)。最后，该研究能够提高国际学生的文化意识和知识，以及他们如何适应环境。这项研究得到了最近在新西兰背景下进行的一项研究的支持。在这项研究中，研究者这次关注的是一名移民青年，而不是一名国际学生。研究显示了被调查者认为在她的迁移旅程中被归类为成功的不同因素(Stuart & Ward, 2011)。这两项研究都为更大规模的进一步研究铺平了道路。就目前的研究而言，文化适应及其相关因素是有价值的信息，有助于过滤信息，为新来者创建理想的场景。
英国社会学代写 新西兰移民
As defined by Immigration New Zealand, in their ‘Welcoming Communities’ initiative, newcomers or migrants are categorised into three specific social entities. One of which are international students. One important adjustment that all migrants, not only international students have to consider is the acculturation that one needs to make to the new environment. By definition, acculturation means “those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact with subsequent changes in the original cultural patterns of either or both groups” (Redfield, Linton & Herskovits, 1937). A study that was done in the United States highlighted the factors for career development of international students and how they need to adjust to the new environment to be active members of the society. The study has focused on the different dimensions of acculturation in relation to career development and found that different international students are attracted to different factors. The factors listed are: dominant society immersion, ethnic identity, ethnic society immersion, individualism and collectivism (Marks, Ciftci & Lee, 2018). In the end, the research was able to increase cultural awareness and knowledge about the international students and how they are adjusting to the environment. This study has been supported by a recent study done in the New Zealand context in which the researcher, this time, focused on an immigrant youth instead of an international student. The study showed the different factors that the respondent perceived to be categorised as successful in her migration journey (Stuart & Ward, 2011). Both research paved the way for further studies to be done in a wider scale. As far as the present research is concerned, acculturation and the factors related to it are valuable pieces of information that is beneficial in filtering information towards creating the ideal scenario for the newcomers.
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